How Are Cataracts Removed? Key Facts To Know In Advance

Cataracts are a common, natural part of ageing that can make it hard to enjoy life’s everyday moments. If your vision has started to feel blurry or clouded, you might wonder, “How are cataracts removed?”

This guide answers that question and walks you through the entire process, from understanding cataracts to what you can expect during and after surgery.

Cataract surgery is one of the most commonly implemented eye procedures worldwide, and for a good reason—it’s incredibly effective at restoring clearer vision for many.

You’ll also learn about the difference between cataract surgery and a YAG laser capsulotomy, a helpful follow-up procedure for some who have had cataract surgery.

What Are Cataracts?

A cataract forms when proteins in your eye’s natural lens break down over time, causing cloudiness. A cloudy natural lens can reduce the light passing through it, leading to blurry vision, difficulty with night driving, or even faded colours.

Cataracts are common as we age but can also develop due to injury, medication, or health conditions.

Symptoms Of Cataracts

If you experience the following symptoms, it might be time to check for cataracts.

• Blurred or foggy vision
• Double vision in one eye
• Increased sensitivity to bright lights
• Difficulty seeing at night
• Colours appearing faded or dull

Does any of this sound familiar? Your eye surgeon may suggest cataract surgery to help you regain clearer vision and improve your quality of life.

How Are Cataracts Removed?

Cataract surgery is typically a quick, precise, and straightforward outpatient procedure, so the surgery generally allows you to go home the same day. Here’s a clear look at what to expect at each process step.

Preparing For Cataract Surgery

Preparation is key to making your surgery and recovery as smooth as possible. Before the procedure, several important steps help set the stage for success:

• Comprehensive Eye Examination: Your eye surgeon will perform a detailed evaluation to gauge the severity of your cataract. This helps determine the best lens for your vision needs and ensures no other eye conditions could affect your surgery.
• Medications And Eye Drops: You may be given medicated eye drops to reduce swelling or prevent infection, depending on your specific health needs. Some people may also be advised to temporarily stop certain medications to avoid complications during surgery. Your doctor will provide clear instructions on what medications are okay to use.
• Arranging Transportation: Since your vision might be affected after surgery, it’s best to make sure a friend or family member is alongside you to drive you home. Knowing someone will support you after the procedure also gives you peace of mind.

Choosing The Right Intraocular Lens (IOL)

The choice of intraocular lens (IOL) is an important step in cataract surgery and can help tailor your vision outcomes to your lifestyle.

There are different types of IOLs available where each artificial lens is designed to meet specific vision needs:

• Monofocal IOLs: These lenses enable clear vision at a single distance (near or far). They’re a good option if you’re comfortable wearing glasses for certain activities.
• Multifocal IOLs: Multifocal lenses provide a range of focus for both near and far vision, helping to reduce the need for glasses in many cases.
• Accommodative IOLs: These advanced lenses are designed to offer some degree of natural focusing ability, allowing for a smoother transition between near and distant vision and potentially reducing the need for visual aids.

Each of these lens types has unique benefits, and your ophthalmologist will help you choose the one that best suits your lifestyle, vision goals, and any specific eye conditions.

The Surgical Procedure

Cataract surgery usually takes 20–30 minutes. You’ll be awake but comfortable during the procedure, and anaesthetic eye drops will keep you at ease.

Here’s a breakdown of the steps involved:

• Numbing Drops: The procedure begins with anaesthetic eye drops to completely numb the eye. If you feel a little anxious, a mild sedative may be given to help you stay calm and comfortable.
• Tiny Incision: A very small incision is made at the edge of the cornea. This incision is so tiny that it typically heals independently without stitches.
• Ultrasound Energy To Break Up The Lens: With phacoemulsification, ultrasound waves are directed into the eye to break the cloudy lens into tiny bits and pieces. This allows for an efficient removal of the cataract.
• Removing The Cloudy Lens: The tiny fragments of the clouded lens are gently suctioned out, leaving behind an empty capsule. This capsule will hold the new lens securely in place.
• Inserting A New Artificial Lens: A folded intraocular lens (IOL) is inserted through the small incision and positioned into the empty capsule. Once in place, the lens unfolds and restores your vision.

This approach helps speed up recovery. In rare cases, if the cataract is very dense, a slightly larger incision may be needed to ensure all fragments are effectively removed.

Recovering From Cataract Surgery

Your recovery will be gradual, but you’ll soon be back to your regular activities. Here’s what to expect.

Immediate Aftercare

After your procedure, you’ll rest briefly while being monitored. You’ll be given specific eye drops to prevent infection and may wear an eye cover to avoid accidental rubbing. After that, you’re free to go home.

Recovery Period And Resuming Daily Life

While many people experience vision improvement in a few days, full recovery usually takes a few weeks. During this time:

• Avoid Heavy Lifting: Take it easy on strenuous activities for the first week.
• Follow Your Doctor’s Instructions: Use prescribed eye drops to prevent infection and reduce swelling.
• Attend Follow-Up Visits: Follow-up appointments help check on your healing progress.

Risks Of Cataract Surgery

Cataract surgery is widely considered practical and straightforward, but as with any medical procedure, there are some risks.

While complications don’t happen every day, it is beneficial to be aware of possible issues and the necessity of adhering to your post-surgical care plan.

• Infection: Although not the typical situation, infection can occur after surgery. Carefully following all post-operative care instructions, including using prescribed eye drops, can significantly reduce this risk and promote smooth healing.
• Retinal Detachment: This may not be the typical case, but it’s a serious condition in which the retina, the layer at the back of your eye, separates from its underlying tissue. Prompt attention is crucial if you notice sudden flashes of light, floaters, or a shadow over part of your vision to prevent complications like vision loss.
• Secondary Cataract: Also referred to as posterior capsule opacification (PCO), this can sometimes occur months or even years after your initial surgery. PCO happens when the lens capsule, which holds your new lens in place, becomes cloudy and affects vision clarity. If this occurs, a simple, straightforward laser procedure called YAG capsulotomy can quickly restore clear vision.

If you notice any discomfort, vision changes, or other unusual symptoms after surgery, promptly contact an experienced eye surgeon for guidance and reassurance.

Cataract Surgery Vs. YAG Laser Capsulotomy

Cataract surgery and YAG laser capsulotomy have different purposes and processes, though both aim to enhance vision. Cataract surgery removes the eye’s natural, clouded lens and replaces it with an artificial intraocular lens, eliminating the cataract.

However, in some cases, a “secondary cataract” can develop months or even years later. Unlike the original cataract, this cloudiness occurs in the lens capsule—the thin membrane that holds the new lens in place.

This is where YAG laser capsulotomy comes in. It’s a quick, laser-based procedure that clears the clouded capsule, restoring vision clarity.

Importantly, a secondary cataract isn’t a true cataract; it’s simply a clouding of the capsule, and YAG laser capsulotomy effectively removes this issue without additional lens replacement.

Frequently Asked Questions

Will I need glasses after cataract surgery?

Your need for glasses will depend on the type of lens chosen. Multifocal and accommodative lenses can reduce your reliance on glasses, though you may still need them for specific tasks.

How soon can I return to normal activities?

Most people resume light activities within a few days, and full recovery is usually within a month. Follow-up guidance will help you comfortably resume all activities.

Can I wear contact lenses after cataract surgery?

Yes, patients may resume wearing contact lenses, but waiting until you fully recover from cataract surgery is important. Your eye doctor will advise you on when to start wearing contacts again.

Step Into A Brighter Future With Cataract Surgery

Cataract surgery can be life-changing, restoring clarity and vibrancy to your vision. Answering your question, “How are cataracts removed?” you can feel empowered in your decision-making. An experienced eye surgeon will guide you through each step, ensuring a positive, comfortable, and successful experience.

If you’re considering cataract surgery, our team in Melbourne is here to guide you through every step. Regain the clarity and vibrancy in your vision—reach out to Mornington Peninsula Eye Clinic at (03) 9070 3580 to take the first step towards seeing life clearly again.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

Sources:

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Mintz J 2022. How to Diagnose and Treat Cataracts. WebMD. Available at: https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/cataracts/diagnose-treat-cataracts [Accessed November 11, 2024]

Mukamal R 2022. Cataract Surgery Recovery: Exercising, Driving and Other Activities. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Available at: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/safe-exercise-driving-cataract-surgery-recovery [Accessed November 11, 2024]

Pandya H K 2023. Postoperative Endophthalmitis Roy H, editor. Medscape. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1201260-overview [Accessed November 11, 2024]